He rauemi hauora te sima wheua orthopedic e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mahi pokanga wheua. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei whakatika i ngā hononga hangai, hei whakakī i ngā kōhao wheua, hei tautoko me te whakau i te maimoatanga whati. Ka whakakīia te āputa i waenga i ngā hononga hangai me te kiko wheua, ka whakaiti i te pakaru me te whakamarara i te ahotea, ā, ka whakarei ake i te pānga o te pokanga whakakapinga hononga.
Ko ngā whakamahinga matua o ngā whao sima wheua ko:
1. Whakatika i ngā whati: Ka taea te whakamahi i te sima wheua hei whakakī me te whakatika i ngā wāhi whati.
2. Pokanga wheua: I roto i te pokanga wheua, ka whakamahia te sima wheua hei whakatika me te hanga anō i ngā mata o ngā hononga.
3. Te whakatika i ngā hapa o te wheua: Ka taea e te sima wheua te whakakī i ngā hapa o te wheua me te whakatairanga i te whakaoranga o te kiko wheua.
Ko te mea tino pai, me whai i te sima wheua ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: (1) he pai te werohanga, he āhuatanga ka taea te whakarite, he piripono, me te kaha ki te tuku i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere pai rawa atu; (2) he kaha ā-pūkaha e tika ana mō te whakapakari tonu; (3) he pai te porosity hei tuku i te rere o te wai, te hekenga o ngā pūtau, me te tupu o te wheua hou; (4) he pai te kawe wheua me te kaha ki te whakauru wheua ki roto; (5) he ngāwari te pirau kia rite ki te mimiti o te rauemi sima wheua ki te hanganga wheua hou; me (6) he pai te tuku rongoā.
I ngā tau 1970, i whakamahia te sima wheua mōhonongate whakapiri i ngā prosthesis, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei whakakī kiko me ngā rauemi whakatika i roto i te orthopedics me te niho. I tēnei wā, ko ngā sima wheua e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e rangahautia ana hoki ko te sima wheua polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), te sima wheua konupūmā phosphate me te sima wheua konupūmā sulfate. I tēnei wā, ko ngā momo sima wheua e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te sima wheua polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), te sima wheua konupūmā phosphate me te sima wheua konupūmā sulfate, ā, ko te sima wheua PMMA me te sima wheua konupūmā phosphate ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Heoi, he ngoikore te mahi koiora o te sima wheua konupūmā sulfate, ā, kāore e taea te hanga hononga matū i waenga i ngā whakapiringa konupūmā sulfate me te kiko wheua, ā, ka tere te pirau. Ka taea te mimiti katoa i te sima wheua konupūmā sulfate i roto i ngā wiki e ono i muri i te whakaurunga ki roto i te tinana. Kāore tēnei pirau tere e ōrite ki te tukanga hanganga wheua. Nō reira, ki te whakatauritea ki te sima wheua konupūmā phosphate, he iti noa te whanaketanga me te tono haumanu o te sima wheua konupūmā sulfate. Ko te sima wheua PMMA he polymer kiriaku i hangaia mā te whakaranu i ngā wāhanga e rua: te monomer methyl methacrylate wai me te copolymer methyl methacrylate-styrene hihiri. He iti ngā toenga monomer, he iti te ātete ki te ngenge me te pakaru o te ahotea, ā, ka taea te whakaoho i te hanganga wheua hou me te whakaiti i te auau o ngā tauhohenga kino i puta mai i ngā whati me te kaha kume me te kirihou tino teitei. Ko te wāhanga matua o tōna paura ko te polymethyl methacrylate, ko te methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer rānei, ā, ko te wāhanga matua o te wai ko te methyl methacrylate monomer.
He kaha te kaha o te sima wheua PMMA, ā, he tere te totoka, kia taea ai e ngā tūroro te ara ake i te moenga me te mahi i ngā mahi whakaora i muri i te pokanga. He tino pai te āhua o te sima wheua, ā, ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere te mahi i tētahi momo totoka i mua i te totoka o te sima wheua. He pai te mahi haumaru o te rauemi, ā, kāore e pakaru, e mimiti rānei e te tinana tangata i muri i te hanganga i roto i te tinana. He pumau te hanganga matū, ā, e mōhiotia ana ngā āhuatanga hangarau.
Heoi anō, kei a ia tonu ētahi ngoikoretanga, pērā i te kaha o te pēhanga i roto i te kōhao wheua i te wā e whakakī ana, ka uru atu ngā pata ngako ki roto i ngā oko toto, ka puta ai te embolism. Kāore i rite ki ngā wheua tangata, ka taea tonu e ngā hononga horihori te wetewete i roto i te wā. Ka tukuna e ngā monomer PMMA te wera i te wā o te polymerization, ka kino pea ki ngā kiko, ki ngā pūtau rānei e karapoti ana. He paitini pūtau ngā rauemi e hanga ana i te sima wheua, me ētahi atu.
Tērā pea ka pāngia ngā mate pāwera e ngā kai o te sima wheua, pērā i te ponana, te urticaria, te poto o te manawa me ētahi atu tohu, ā, i ngā wā tino kino, ka pāngia pea e te ohorere anaphylactic. Me whakamātautau mate pāwera i mua i te whakamahinga hei karo i ngā mate pāwera. Ko ngā mate kino ki te sima wheua ko te mate pāwera ki te sima wheua, te turuturu o te sima wheua, te wetekina me te nekenekehanga o te sima wheua. Ka pāngia pea ngā kiko e te turuturu o te sima wheua e te mumura me ngā mate paitini, ā, ka kino pea ngā io me ngā oko toto, ka puta he raruraru. He tino pono te whakapiri i te sima wheua, ā, ka roa pea mō te neke atu i te tekau tau, neke atu rānei i te rua tekau tau.
Ko te pokanga sima wheua he pokanga iti noa te whakaekenga, ā, ko tōna ingoa pūtaiao ko te vertebroplasty. He rauemi polymer te sima wheua, he pai te rere i mua i te whakapakeketanga. Ka taea te uru ngāwari ki roto i ngā tuaiwi mā te ngira wero, kātahi ka horapa haere i roto i ngā kapiti whati o roto o ngā tuaiwi; ka whakapakeke te sima wheua i roto i te 10 meneti pea, ka piri ngā kapiti ki roto i ngā wheua, ā, ka taea e te sima wheua mārō te tautoko i roto i ngā wheua, ka kaha ake ngā tuaiwi. E 20-30 meneti noa iho te roa o te tukanga maimoatanga katoa.
Hei karo i te horapa i muri i te werohanga sima wheua, kua hangaia he momo taputapu pokanga hou, arā, ko te taputapu vertebroplasty. Ka tapahia he wahi iti ki te tuara o te tūroro, ā, ka whakamahia he ngira wero motuhake hei wero i te tinana tuaiwi mā roto i te kiri i raro i te aroturuki hihi-X hei whakatū i tētahi awa mahi. Kātahi ka whakauruhia he poihau hei hanga i te tinana tuaiwi whati kua pēhia, kātahi ka werohangahia te sima wheua ki roto i te tinana tuaiwi hei whakahoki mai i te āhua o te tinana tuaiwi whati. Ka pēhia te wheua koretake i roto i te tinana tuaiwi mā te whakawhānui poihau hei hanga i tētahi ārai hei ārai i te turuturu sima wheua, me te whakaiti i te pēhanga i te wā e werohanga sima wheua, ā, ka tino whakaiti i te turuturu sima wheua. Ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te maha o ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te okiokinga moenga whati, pērā i te niumōnia, ngā mate pēhanga, ngā mate mimi, me ētahi atu, ā, ka karo i te huringa kino o te osteoporosis i puta mai i te ngaronga o te wheua nā te okiokinga moenga roa.
Mena ka mahia te pokanga PKP, me okioki te tūroro i runga i te moenga i roto i ngā haora e rua i muri i te pokanga, ā, ka taea e ia te tahuri ki runga i te tuaka. I tēnei wā, mena he kare ā-roto rerekē, he mamae tonu rānei, me whakamōhio atu ki te tākuta i te wā tika.
Tuhipoka:
① Āta karohia ngā mahi hurihuri me te piko o te hope;
② Kaua e noho roa, e tū rānei;
③ Kaua e amo i te taumaha, kaua hoki e piko ki raro ki te hiki i ngā mea i runga i te whenua;
④ Kaua e noho ki runga i tētahi tūru iti;
⑤ Ārai i ngā hinganga me te hokinga mai o ngā whati.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 25-2024
